Deep Space Images

Galaxies

M31 Spiral galaxy in Andromeda

Date: 9/18/2020
Camera: Canon Rebel T4i
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92) with focal reducer
Exposure: 56x360sec (5hr 36min total) at ISO 400
Acquired using BackyardEOS, stacked using DeepSkyStacker and processed using PixInsight
About: M31 (The Andromeda Galaxy) at magnitude 3.5 is visible to the naked eye on a clear moonless night from a dark location. At a distance of 2.9 million light years it is the most distant object easily visible to the naked eye. M31 has two bright companion galaxies M32 and M110.



Date: 9/23/2019
Camera: Canon Rebel T4i
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92)
Exposure: 58x300sec (4hr 50min total) at ISO 400
Acquired using BackyardEOS, stacked using DeepSkyStacker and processed using PixInsight



M31 Spiral galaxy in Andromeda

Date: 9/20/2017
Camera: Canon Rebel T4i
Telescope: 110mm f/7 ED refractor (Orion)
Exposure: 84x4min (5hr 36min total) at ISO 800, acquired using BackyardEOS, stacked using DeepSkyStacker and processed using PixInsight


Date: 9/25/2014
Camera: Canon Rebel T4i
Telescope: 110mm f/7 ED refractor (Orion)
Exposure: 112x120sec (3hr 42min total) at ISO 1600, stacked using DeepSkyStacker

M31 Spiral galaxy in Andromeda

Date: 8/22/2011
Camera: Canon EOS-20D (modified)
Telescope: 110mm f/7 ED refractor (Orion)
Exposure: 157x2min (5hr 14min total) at ISO 800, stacked using DeepSkyStacker

M31

Date: 8/8/2011
Camera: Canon EOS-20D (modified)
Telescope: 110mm f/7 ED refractor (Orion)
Exposure: 80x2min (2hr 56min total) at ISO 800, stacked using DeepSkyStacker

M31

Date:10/29/2008

M33 Spiral galaxy in Triangulum

Date: 9/27/2022
Camera: Canon Rebel T8i(modified)
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92) with focal reducer
Exposure: 80x300sec (6hr 40min total) at ISO 400



Captured using Backyard EOS
Stacked using DeepSkyStacker
Processed in DeepSkyStacker and Gimp

Re-processed in 25

Date: 11/3/2016
Camera: Canon Rebel T4i (modified)
Telescope: 110mm f/7 ED refractor (Orion)
Exposure: 71x300 sec (5hr 55min total) at ISO 800
Captured using Backyard EOS
Stacked using DeepSkyStacker
Processed using PixInsight, BlurXTerminator, NoiseXTerminator and StarXTerminator
About: M33 (Triangulum Galaxy) at magnitude 5.7 is 3 million light years away and is part of the local group of galaxies.

M33

Date: 8/30/2013
Camera: Canon Rebel T4i
Telescope: 110mm f/7 ED refractor (Orion)
Exposure: 84x3min (4hr 10min total) at ISO 1600

M33

Date: 8/28/2011
Camera: Canon EOS-20D modified
Telescope: 110mm f/7 ED refractor (Orion)
Exposure: 112x3min (5hr 36min total)
About: M33 (Triangulum Galaxy) at magnitude 5.7 is 3 million light years away and is part of the local group of galaxies.

M33

Date: 10/7/2010
Camera: Canon EOS-20D
Telescope: 120mm f/5 refractor
Exposure: 227x30sec at ISO 3200, stacked using Deep Sky Stacker

M33 Spiral galaxy in Triangulum


Date: 11/19/2006
Camera: Canon EOS-10D
Exposure: 29 30 second exposures at ISO 1600 stacked using Registax
Location: Cherry Grove, MN

M51 Spiral galaxy in Canes Venatici

Date: 2/25/2023
Camera: Canon Rebel T8i
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92) with focal reducer
Exposure: 90x180sec (4hr 30min total) at ISO 400



Date: 4/19/2018
Camera: Canon Rebel T4i
Telescope: 110mm f/7 ED refractor (Orion) with Stellarvue focal reducer
Exposure: 46x4min (3hr 4min total) at ISO 800
About: M51 (The Whirlpool Galaxy) is about 30 million light years away
Captured using Backyard EOS
Stacked using DeepSkyStacker
Processed using PixInsight


Date: 1/2/2011
Camera: Canon EOS-20D (modified)
Telescope: 120mm f/5 refractor
Exposure: 63x3min exposures (total of 3hr 9min) at ISO 800, stacked using Deep Sky Stacker

M65 and others, Leo Triplet - Galaxies in Leo

Date: 3/7/2022
Camera: Canon Rebel T8i (modified)
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92) with focal reducer
Exposure: 86x240sec (5hr 44min total) at ISO 400
Acquired using BackyardEOS, stacked using DeepSkyStacker and processed using PixInsight



Date: 3/17/2018
Camera: Canon Rebel T4i
Telescope: 110mm f/7 ED refractor (Orion)
Exposure: 51x300sec (4hr 15min total) at ISO 800
Captured using Backyard EOS
Stacked using DeepSkyStacker
Processed using PixInsight


M74 Spiral galaxy in Pisces



Date: 10/15/2014
Camera: Canon Rebel T4i (modified)
Telescope: 110mm f/7 ED refractor (Orion)
Exposure: 86x3min (4hr 18min total) at ISO 1600, stacked using Deep Sky Stacker
About: At about 35 million light years away M74 is very faint and spans about 10 arc minutes

M74

Date: 11/01/2010
Camera: Canon EOS-20D
Telescope: 120mm f/5 refractor
Exposure: 129x2min exposures at ISO 1600, stacked using Deep Sky Stacker


M81 and M82 Spiral and Irregular galaxies in Ursa Major

Date: 2/20/2020
Camera: Canon Rebel T4i
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92)
Exposure: 76x5min (6hr 20 min total) at ISO 400
Acquired using BackyardEOS, stacked using DeepSkyStacker and processed using PixInsight
About: M81/82 are my favorite galaxies to look at. At magnitude 6.9 and 8.4 they are at a distance of about 11 million light years away. They are visible in the same telescope field but are at diffent angles which gives them an interesting almost 3D perspective




Re-process '25

Date: 11/26/2016
Camera: Canon Rebel T4i
Telescope: 110mm f/7 ED refractor (Orion)
Exposure: 83x300sec (6hr 55min total) at ISO 800
Stacked using DeepSkyStacker, processed using PixInsight, BlurXTerminator and NoiseXTerminator


M81 and M82

Date: 01/04/2013
Camera: Canon EOS-20D Modified
Telescope: 110mm f/7 ED refractor (Orion)
Exposure: 171x2min (5hr 42min total), stacked using Deep Sky Stacker


M81 and M82

Date: 10/09/2010
Camera: Canon EOS-20D
Telescope: 120mm f/5 refractor
Exposure: 201x30sec at ISO 3200 stacked using Deep Sky Stacker

M81 and M82 Spiral and Irregular galaxies in Ursa Major

Date: 11/19/2006


M81 and M82 with chart

Date: 04/22/2003
Film: Fuji Superia Color 400
Lens: 135mm set at f/3.5
Exposure:One 10 minute and one 3 minute combined
Notes: The line running accross the lower left is a satellite.

M81 and M82

Date: 06/06/2005
Camera: Canon EOS-10D
ISO: 1600
Exposure: 5x30sec, 3x60sec, 2x120sec stacked using Registax
Telescope: 120mm f/5 refractor


NGC 678, 680, 694, 697 and others Galaxies in Aries.

Date: 11/6/2016
Camera: Canon Rebel T4i
Telescope: 110mm f/7 ED refractor (Orion)
Exposure: 74x300 sec (6hr 10min total) at ISO 800
Captured using Backyard EOS
Stacked using DeepSkyStacker
Processed in DeepSkyStacker, PixInsight


NGC4535, NGC4526, NGC4472/M49 and others, galaxies in Virgo

Date: 2/6/2024
Camera: Canon Rebel T8i (modified)
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92) with focal reducer
Exposure: 56x300sec (4hr 40min total) at ISO 400


NGC 7331 (Spiral galaxy in Pegasus) with the Deer Lick group and Stephan's Quintet

Date: 9/26/2024
Camera: Canon Rebel T8i (modified)
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92) with focal reducer
Exposure: 69x300sec (5hr 45min total) at ISO 400
Processed with PixInsight, BlurXterminator, NoiseXterminator, StarXTerminator


NGC 891 (The Silver Sliver galaxy) Spiral galaxy in Andromeda


Version with no stretching of the stars:

Date: 10/10/2023
Camera: Canon Rebel T8i
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92) with focal reducer
Exposure: 94x240sec (6hr 16min total) at ISO 400
Acquired using BackyardEOS, stacked using DeepSkyStacker and processed using PixInsight




Re-process '25

Date: 11/20/2014
Camera: Canon Rebel T4i (modified)
Telescope: 110mm f/7 ED refractor (Orion)
Exposure: 124x2min at ISO 1600 (4hr 8 min total)
About: NGC 891 lies about 30 million light-years away and spans 14 arcminutes across the constellation Andromeda. It is an edge-on galaxy with a prominent dust lane that runs across the length of it from our vantage point. Also visible in this image are a few distant background galaxies, including NGC 898 near the bottom center of the image.

NGC 6946 Spiral galaxy in Cepheus & Cygnus


Date: 10/21/2014
Camera: Canon Rebel T4i (modified)
Telescope: 110mm f/7 ED refractor (Orion)
Exposure: 126x3min (6hr 18min total) at ISO 1600, stacked using Deep Sky Stacker
About: NGC6946 lies about 22.5 million light years away and spans roughly 11.5'x9.8' across the constellations of Cepheus and Cygnus. This galaxy lies very close to the plane of the milky way and so when you see this galaxy you are looking through an unusually thick area of our own galaxy (the milky way).

NGC 5866


M96


M101 Spiral galaxy in Ursa Major

Date: 4/25/2023
Camera: Canon Rebel T8i (modified)
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92) with focal reducer
Exposure: 48x360sec (4hr 48min total) at ISO 400
Acquired using BackyardEOS, stacked using DeepSkyStacker, processed using PixInsight
PixInsight notes: ABE,Background Neutralization, ColorCalibration, mild run of BlurXterminator, NoiseXterminator, StarXTerminator, ArcsinhStretch, CurvesTransformation for final adjustments, PixelMath to re-combine stars and background




Date: 5/4/2021
Camera: Canon Rebel T4i
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92) with focal reducer
Exposure: 47x5min (3hr 55min total) at ISO 800
Acquired using BackyardEOS, stacked using DeepSkyStacker and processed using PixInsight
Pixinsight notes: ABE,Background Neutralization, ColorCalibration, NoiseXterminator, mild run of BlurXterminator, StarXTerminator, ArcsinhStretch, PixelMath, CurvesTransformation



Date: 4/7/2018
Camera: Canon Rebel T4i
Telescope: 110mm f/7 ED refractor (Orion)
Exposure: 55x5min (4hr 35min total) at ISO 800
About: M101 is a very large galaxy. At about 27 million light years away M101 has an angular diameter of 28 arcminutes.
Captured using BackyardEOS, stacked using DeepSkyStacker, processed with PixInsight


Date: 1/9/2011
Camera: Canon EOS-20D modified
Telescope: 120mm f/5 refractor
Mount: Orion Atlas EQ-G
Exposure: 77x3min (3hr 51min total) at ISO 800


M106 - Spiral Galaxy in Canes Venatici

Date: 3/18/2023
Camera: Canon Rebel T8i
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92) with focal reducer
Exposure: 81x240sec (5hr 24min total) at ISO 400


Markarian's Chain of galaxies (M84, M86, M87, NGC4438, NGC4435, NGC4461, NGC4473, NGC4477 and many others)

Date: 3/26/2023
Camera: Canon Rebel T8i
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92) with focal reducer
Exposure: 83x240sec (5hr 32min total) at ISO 400


M100 (The Blowdryer Galaxy) and other galaxies in Coma Berenices

Less starry version to highlight galaxies:

Date: 2/12/2024
Camera: Canon Rebel T8i
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92) with focal reducer
Exposure: 40x300sec (3hr 20min total) at ISO 400


Wide view of NGC7640 (Spiral Galaxy) to NGC7662 (Blue Snowball Planetary Nebula) with dust in Andromeda


Date: 9/28 - 9/29/2024
Camera: Canon Rebel T8i (modified)
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92) with focal reducer
Exposure: 179x300 (14hr 55min total) at ISO 400
Processed with PixInsight, BlurXterminator, NoiseXterminator, StarXTerminator


Nebula

The Crab Nebula (M1) Supernova remnant in Taurus

Re-processed 24

Date: 10/2/2011
Camera: Canon EOS-20D modified
Telescope: 110mm f/7 ED refractor
Exposure: 99x2min (3hr 18min total)

The Flaming Star Nebula (IC405)

Date: 12/3/2021
Camera: Canon Rebel T4i
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92) with focal reducer
Exposure: 8x300sec (40min total) at ISO 800
Acquired using BackyardEOS, stacked using DeepSkyStacker and processed using PixInsight


The Jellyfish Nebula (IC 443) Supernova remnant in Gemini

Date: 1/2/2022
Camera: Canon Rebel T4i (modified)
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92) with focal reducer
Exposure: 120x180sec (6hr total) at ISO 400
Acquired using BackyardEOS, stacked using DeepSkyStacker and processed using PixInsight



Date: 2/8/2019
Camera: Canon Rebel T4i
Telescope: 110mm f/7 ED refractor (Orion)
Exposure: 84x3min (4hr 12min total) at ISO 800
Autoguiding: Orion Starshoot autoguider with small 50mm guide scope Captured using BackyardEOS, stacked using DeepSkyStacker, processed with PixInsight


The Cocoon Nebula (IC 5146) Reflection and emission nebula in Cygnus

Date: 9/3/2022
Camera: Canon Rebel T8i (modified)
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92) with focal reducer
Exposure: 47/300sec (3hr 55min total) at ISO 400
Captured using BackyardEOS, stacked using DeepSkyStacker, processed with PixInsight



Date: 9/27/2017
Camera: Canon Rebel T4i
Telescope: 110mm f/7 ED refractor (Orion)
Exposure: 40x300sec (3 hr 20min total) at ISO 800
Autoguiding: Orion Starshoot autoguider with small 50mm guide scope Captured using BackyardEOS, stacked using DeepSkyStacker, processed with PixInsight


Date: 10/1/2011
Camera: Canon EOS-20D modified
Telescope: 110mm f/7 ED refractor
Exposure: 96x2min (3hr 12min total)

The Heart Nebula (IC 1805)

Date: 8/31/2022
Camera: Canon Rebel T8i (modified)
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92) with focal reducer
Exposure: 110/180sec (5hr 30min total) at ISO 800
Captured using BackyardEOS, stacked using DeepSkyStacker, processed with PixInsight



Date: 9/29/2017
Camera: Canon Rebel T4i
Telescope: 110mm f/7 ED refractor (Orion)
Exposure: 35x5min (2hr 55min total) at ISO 800

The Soul Nebula (IC 1848)

Date: 9/17/2023
Camera: Canon Rebel T8i
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92) with focal reducer
Exposure: 80x240sec (5hr 20min total) at ISO 400
Acquired using BackyardEOS, stacked using DeepSkyStacker and processed using PixInsight


NGC 281 (The Pacman Nebula) Emission nebula in Cassiopeia

Date: 10/9/2023
Camera: Canon Rebel T8i
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92) with focal reducer
Exposure: 64x240sec (4hr 16min total) at ISO 400
Acquired using BackyardEOS, stacked using DeepSkyStacker and processed using PixInsight



Date: 9/5/2011
Camera: Canon EOS-20D modified
Telescope: 110mm f/7 ED refractor
Exposure: 160x2min (5hr 20min total) at ISO 800
About: NGC 281 lies about 9,500 light years away in the constellation Cassiopeia.

Crescent Nebula (NGC 6888) Emission nebula in Cygnus

Date: 9/4/2011
Camera: Canon EOS-20D modified
Telescope: 110mm f/7 ED refractor (Orion)
Exposure: 74x2min at ISO 800 (2hr 28min total)
About: The Crescent Nebula lies about 5000 light years away in the constellation Cygnus.

California Nebula (NGC 1499) Emission nebula in Perseus

Date: 12/02/2010
Camera: Canon EOS-20D modified
Focal Length: 154mm
Exposure: 50x2min exposures at f/5.6 ISO 800
About: The California Nebula is very large and very faint. It has an angular diameter of about 2.5 degrees with an apparent visual magnitude of 6.0. The California Nebula lies about 1000 light years away in the constellation Perseus.

California Nebula (NGC 1499) with M45


Re-processed '25

Date: 12/9/2010
Camera: Canon EOS-20D modified
Focal Length: 55mm
Exposure: 23x2min exposures at f/5.6 ISO 800
Processed using PixInsight, BlurXTerminator, NoiseXTerminator and StarXTerminator


Rosette Nebula (NGC 2244)

Date: 1/24/2022
Camera: Canon Rebel T8i (modified)
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92) with focal reducer
Exposure: 54x160sec (2hr 24min total) at ISO 400
Acquired using BackyardEOS, stacked using DeepSkyStacker and processed using PixInsight



Date: 2/21/2020
Camera: Canon Rebel T4i
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92)
Exposure: 21x5min (1hr 45 min total) at ISO 400
Acquired using BackyardEOS, stacked using DeepSkyStacker and processed using PixInsight



Date: 1/30/2019
Camera: Canon Rebel T4i
Telescope: 110mm f/7 ED refractor (Orion)
Exposure: 63x4min (4hr 12min total) at ISO 800
Acquired using BackyardEOS, stacked using DeepSkyStacker, processed using PixInsight



Date: 1/8/2011
Camera: Canon EOS-20D modified
Telescope: 120mm f/5 refractor
Exposure: 198x90sec (4 hr 57min total)

NGC2174 (The Monkey Head Nebula), emission nebula in Orion

Date: 1/31 - 2/2/2024
Camera: Canon Rebel T8i (modified)
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92) with focal reducer
Exposure: 110x300sec (9hr 10min total) at ISO 400
Acquired using BackyardEOS, stacked using DeepSkyStacker, processed using PixInsight


NGC2264 (The Christmas Tree Cluster/Cone Nebula/Fox Fur nebula), star cluster and nebula in Monoceros

Date: 3/1/2025
Camera: Canon Rebel T8i (modified)
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92) with focal reducer
Exposure: 49x300sec (4hr 5min total) at ISO 400
Acquired using BackyardEOS, stacked using DeepSkyStacker, processed using PixInsight, BlurXterminator, NoiseXterminator and StarXterminator



Date: 2/5/2024
Camera: Canon Rebel T8i (modified)
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92) with focal reducer
Exposure: 28x300sec (2hr 20min total) at ISO 400


IC2169, reflection nebula in Monoceros

Date: 2/20 and 2/21/2025
Camera: Canon Rebel T8i (modified)
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92) with focal reducer
Exposure: 110x300sec (9hr 10min total) at ISO 400



Date: 2/12/2024
Camera: Canon Rebel T8i (modified)
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92) with focal reducer
Exposure: 78x300sec (6hr 30min total) at ISO 400


NGC7000 North America Nebula, emission nebula in Cygnus

Date: 09/15/2014
Camera: Canon Rebel T4i modified
Lens: Tamron 28-300 set to 200mm
Exposure: 30x2min (37min 22s total) (cut off by dew)

NGC7000 North America Nebula, emission nebula in Cygnus

Date: 10/03/2010
Camera: Canon EOS-20D
Lens: Tamron 28-300 set to about 200mm
Exposure: 72x2min at ISO 3200 f/5.6, stacked using Deep Sky Stacker
About: NGC7000 is both very large and very faint. At around 2200 light light years away it has an angular diameter of 120 arcminutes (many times larger than that of the moon)

IC1396 Elephant's Trunk Nebula, emission nebula in Cepheus

Date: 10/6/2010
Camera: Canon EOS-20D
Lens: 28-300mm Tamron set to 119mm
Exposure: 91x2min at ISO 3200 f/5.6, stacked using Deep Sky Stacker

Bubble Nebula (NGC 7635) Planetary nebula in cassiopeia

Date: 8/25/2011
Camera: Canon EOS-20D modified
Telescope: 110mm f/7 ED refractor (orion)
Exposure: 150x2min (5hr total) at ISO 800, stacked using DeepSkyStacker
About: The bubble nebula lies about 11,000 light years away in the constellation Cassiopeia

Orion with meteor


Date: 12/28/2010
Camera: Canon EOS-20D modified
Focal length: 28mm at f/5.6
ISO: 800
Exposure (first image): Single 3 min exposure
Exposure (second image): 31x3min exposures stacked using DeepSkyStacker, processed levels using Gimp and gradient removal using Iris

Orion Wide Field

Click here to see large image with chart

Re-process 24


Date:11/19/2003
Film Kodak Elitechrome 200
Lens: 28mm set at f/5.6
Exposure: About 30 minutes
Location: Cherry Grove, MN (Cherry Grove is an observing site owned by the Minnesota Astronomical Society)
Notes: Scanned from slide with HP PhotoSmart S20 scanner



Orion

Re-process 24


Date: 11/19/2003
Film Kodak Elitechrome 200
Lens: 135mm set at f/5.6
Exposure: About 30 minutes
Location: Cherry Grove, MN (Cherry Grove is an observing site owned by the Minnesota Astronomical Society)
Notes: Scanned from slide with HP PhotoSmart S20 scanner

Orion

Date: 10/3/2010
Camera: Canon EOS-20D
Lens: Tamron 28-300 set to about 200mm at f/5.6
Exposure: 43x2min exposures at ISO 3200 stacked using DeepSkyStacker
Processing: Initial processing in DSS, levels in Gimp and then removed gradient using Iris (polynomial fit)


NGC 2024 and IC 434 Flame and Horse Head nebula in Orion

Date: 12/11/2021
Camera: Canon Rebel T4i (modified)
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92) with focal reducer
Exposure: 83x180sec (4hr 9min total) at ISO 400
Acquired using BackyardEOS, stacked using DeepSkyStacker and processed using PixInsight



Date: 01/09/2013
Camera: Canon EOS-20D Modified
Telescope: 110mm f/7 ED refractor (Orion)
Focal length: 770mm
Exposure: 73x3min (3hr 39min total)

NGC 2024 and IC 434 Flame and Horse Head nebula in Orion

Date: 1/4/2011
Camera: Canon EOS-20D Modified
Telescope: 120mm f/5 refractor
Focal length: 600mm
Exposure: 143x90sec (3 hr 34 min)


Orion Nebula


Re-processed '25

Date: 2/13/2020
Camera: Canon Rebel T4i
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92)
Exposure: 87x2min (2hr 54 min total) at ISO 200
Acquired using BackyardEOS, stacked using DeepSkyStacker and processed using PixInsight




Date: 12/22/2012
Camera: Canon EOS-20D Modified
Telescope: 110mm f/7 ED refractor (Orion)
Exposure: 405x30sec exposures at ISO 800, stacked using DeepSkyStacker
Orion Nebula

Date: 10/8/2010
Camera: Canon EOS-20D
Telescope: 120mm f/5 refractor
Exposure: 84x30sec exposures at ISO 3200


Orion Nebula


Date: 01/26/2005
Camera: Canon EOS-10D
Telescope: 120mm f/5 refractor

M8 and M20 Wide field

Reprocess 24:

Date: 08-20-2004
Film: Kodak Elitechrome 200
Lens: 135mm
Exposure: 27 minutes
Location: Cherry Grove, MN

M8 and M20

Date: 06/28/2011
Camera: Canon EOS-20D modified
Telescope: 120mm f/5 refractor
Exposure: 113x2min at ISO 800 (3 hr 35 min total)

M8 and M20

Date: 08-06-2005
Camera: Canon EOS-10D
Telescope: 120mm f/5 refractor (Orion Astroview 120ST)
Exposure: one 88 second, one 161 second, three 299 second, all ISO 1600
Location: Cherry Grove, MN - Star party

M16 The Eagle Nebula, emission nebula in Serpens

Re-processed 24

Date: 7/30/2011
Camera: Canon EOS-20D modified
Telescope: 110mm f/7 ED refractor (Orion)
Exposure: 94x2min (3hr 8min total) at ISO 800, stacked using Deep Sky Stacker
About: The Eagle Nebula contains pillars of gas which are often associated with star formation. The Eagle Nebula lies about 6,500 light years away in the constellation Serpens.


Date: 08-14-2005
Camera: Canon EOS-10D
Telescope: 120mm f/5 refractor (Orion Astroview 120ST)
Exposure: 33 30 sec ISO 1600, 25 30sec ISO 800
Location: Cherry Grove, MN


M20

Date: 06-28-2016
Camera: Canon Rebel T4i
Telescope: 110mm f/7 ED refractor (Orion)
Exposure: 30x5min (2hr 30min total) at ISO 800
About:


NGC6820/NGC6823/Sh 2-86 - Star Cluster, Emission and Reflection nebula in Vulpecula

Date: 9/1/2024
Camera: Canon Rebel T8i (modified)
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92) with focal reducer
Exposure: 59x300sec (4hr 55min total) at ISO 400
Acquired using BackyardEOS, stacked using DeepSkyStacker and processed using PixInsight, BlurXTerminator, NoiseXterminator, StarXTerminator


M27 (The Dumbbell Nebula) - Planetary Nebula in Vulpecula

Date: 8/31/2024
Camera: Canon Rebel T8i (modified)
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92) with focal reducer
Exposure: 63x300 (5hr, 15min total) at ISO 400
Acquired using BackyardEOS, stacked using DeepSkyStacker and processed using PixInsight, BlurXTerminator, NoiseXterminator, StarXTerminator



Date: 09-21-2014
Camera: Canon Rebel T4i
Telescope: 110mm f/7 ED refractor (Orion)
Exposure: 60x120sec (2hr total) at ISO 1600

M27

Date: 08-14-2005
Camera: Canon EOS-10D
Telescope: 120mm f/5 refractor (Orion Astroview 120ST)
Exposure: 34 30sec ISO 800, 22 30sec ISO 400, 29 15sec ISO 1600 stacked using Registax
Location: Faribault, MN

M57

Date: 08-21-2005
Camera: Canon EOS-10D
Telescope: 120mm f/5 refractor (Orion Astroview 120ST)
Exposure:
Location: Faribault, MN

M78 Reflection nebula in Orion

Date: 1/25/2022
Camera: Canon Rebel T8i (modified)
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92) with focal reducer
Exposure: 94x160sec (4hr 10min 40sec total) at ISO 400
Acquired using BackyardEOS, stacked using DeepSkyStacker, processed using PixInsight, BlurXTerminator, NoiseXterminator and StarXterminator for star reduction

M97 (The Owl Nebula) and M108 (The Surfboard galaxy)

Date: 2/26/2022
Camera: Canon Rebel T8i (modified)
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92) with focal reducer
Exposure: 129x180sec (6hr 27min total) at ISO 400
Acquired using BackyardEOS, stacked using DeepSkyStacker and processed using PixInsight


West Veil Nebula (NGC6960) - Supernova Remnant in Cygnus

Date: 8/30/2024
Camera: Canon Rebel T8i (modified)
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92) with focal reducer
Exposure: 59x300sec (4hr 55min total) at ISO 400
Acquired using BackyardEOS, stacked using DeepSkyStacker and processed using PixInsight, BlurXTerminator, NoiseXterminator, StarXTerminator


East Veil Nebula (NGC6992) - Supernova Remnant in Cygnus

Date: 9/2/2024
Camera: Canon Rebel T8i (modified)
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92) with focal reducer
Exposure: 47x300sec (3hr 55min total) at ISO 400
Acquired using BackyardEOS, stacked using DeepSkyStacker and processed using PixInsight, BlurXTerminator, NoiseXterminator, StarXTerminator




Date: 8/17/2020
Camera: Canon Rebel T4i
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92) with focal reducer
Exposure: 58x5min (4hr 50min total) at ISO 800
Acquired using BackyardEOS, stacked using DeepSkyStacker and processed using PixInsight



Date:9/2/2013
Camera:Canon Rebel T4i modified
Telescope: 110mm f/7 ED refractor (Orion)
Exposure: 39x3min (1hr 56min total) at ISO 1600

Veil Nebula

Date:10/4/2010
Camera: Canon EOS-20D
Lens: Tamron 28-300 set to about 200mm and f/5.6
Exposure: 121x2min at ISO 3200

Veil Nebula Wide field

Re-processed '25

Date:9/3/2004
Film: Kodak Elitechrome 200
Lens: 135mm set at f/4
Exposure: 20 minutes
Location: Cherry Grove, MN
Notes: Scanned from slide with HP PhotoSmart S20 scanner

NGC 7023 (The Iris Nebula) Reflection nebula in Cepheus

Date: 5/11/2021
Camera: Canon Rebel T4i
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92) with focal reducer
Exposure: 53x300sec (4hr 25min total) at ISO 400
Acquired using BackyardEOS, stacked using DeepSkyStacker and processed using PixInsight


SH2-101 (The Tulip Nebula) Nebula in Cygnus

Date: 6/20/2017
Camera: Canon Rebel T4i
Telescope: 110mm f/7 ED refractor (Orion)
Exposure: 18x5min (1hr 30min total) at ISO 800

NGC 7380 (The Wizard Nebula)

Date: 6/26/2017
Camera: Canon Rebel T4i
Telescope: 110mm f/7 ED refractor (Orion)
Exposure: 50x300sec (4hr 10min total) at ISO 800


Star Clusters

M3 Globular Cluster

Re-process 2025:

Date: 07/11/2005
Camera: Canon EOS-10D
Exposure: 3x30 second at ISO 1600
Telescope: 120mm f/5 refractor (prime focus)
About: M3 is a Globular Cluster about 33,900 light years away in the constellation Canes Venatici. Globular clusters are found around the halos of galaxys instead of along the galactic plane where most stars reside.


M13 Globular Cluster (The Great Hercules Globular Cluster)

Date: 5/7/2021
Camera: Canon Rebel T4i
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92) with focal reducer
Exposure: 49x300sec (4hr 5min total) at ISO 400
Acquired using BackyardEOS, stacked using DeepSkyStacker and processed using PixInsight



Date: 5/31/2017
Camera: Canon Rebel T4i
Telescope: 110mm f/7.0 ED refractor
Exposure: 24x5min (2hr total) at ISO 800




Date: 07/30/2005
Camera: Canon EOS-10D
Exposure: 30 30sec ISO1600, 23 30sec ISO400
Telescope: 120mm f/5 refractor (prime focus)
About: M13 is about 25,000 light years away. If that seems far, look closely at the full size image. See that little smudge to the upper right of the cluster? That's a galaxy roughly 120,000,000 light years away!


M15 Pegasus Cluster - Globular Cluster in Pegasus

Date: 9/27/2024
Camera: Canon Rebel T8i (modified)
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92) with focal reducer
Exposure: 34x300sec (2hr 50min total) at ISO 400
Processed with PixInsight, BlurXterminator, NoiseXterminator, StarXTerminator


M35 and NGC 2158 Open Cluster in Gemini

Date: 11/29/2008
Camera: Canon EOS-10D
Exposure: 50 30sec ISO 1600 stacked using Registax
Telescope: 120mm f/5 refractor (prime focus)


M37 Open Cluster in Auriga

Date: 12/11/2021
Camera: Canon Rebel T4i (modified)
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92) with focal reducer
Exposure: 15x180 sec (45min total) at ISO 400
Acquired using BackyardEOS, stacked using DeepSkyStacker and processed using PixInsight


M44 (The Beehive Cluster) Open cluster in Cancer

41x120sec (1hr 22min total) at ISO 400
Date: 2/25/2023
Camera: Canon Rebel T8i
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92) with focal reducer
Exposure: 41x120sec (1hr 22min total) at ISO 400


M45 Open Cluster in Taurus


Re-processed '25

Date: 11/22/2019
Camera: Canon Rebel T4i
Telescope: 92mm f/5.5 triplet (Astrotech AT92)
Exposure: 65x5min (5hr 25 min total) at ISO 400
Acquired using BackyardEOS, stacked using DeepSkyStacker, processed using PixInsight, BlurXTerminator and NoiseXTerminator



Date:11/05/2010
Camera: Canon EOS-20D
Exposure: 225x1min ISO 1600
Telescope: 120mm f/5 refractor

NGC 6871 Open Cluster in Cygnus

Date: 6/20/2017
Camera: Canon Rebel T4i
Telescope: 110mm f/7 ED refractor (Orion)
Exposure: 20x5min (1hr 4min total) at ISO 800
About: Was imaging SH 2-101 (Tulip Nebula), something happened to move the scope mid-way and I incidently captured this star field



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